What Xenophobia Is With Examples

Xenophobia shapes public policy, drives political campaigns, and even sparks hate crimes. Yet the meaning of this multisyllabic word remains a mystery to many of the people who adopt xenophobic attitudes or find themselves subjected to them. Definition Pronounced zeen-oh-fobe-ee-ah, xenophobia is the fear or contempt of foreign people, places or things. People with this â€Å"fear† are known as xenophobes and the attitudes they have as xenophobic. While phobia refers to fear, xenophobes aren’t scared of foreign people in the same way that a person with arachnophobia fears spiders. Instead, their â€Å"fear† can best be compared to homophobia, as hatred largely drives their repulsion to foreigners.   Xenophobia can occur anywhere. In the United States, known for being the land of immigrants, multiple groups have been the targets of xenophobia, including Italians, Irish, Poles, Slavs, Chinese, Japanese and a variety of immigrants from Latin America. As a result of xenophobia, immigrants from these backgrounds and others faced discrimination in employment, housing, and other sectors. The U.S. government even passed laws to restrict the number of Chinese nationals in the country and to strip Japanese Americans from the country’s coasts. Chinese Exclusion Act More than 200,000 Chinese nationals traveled to the United States after the gold rush of 1849. Over three decades, they became 9% of California’s population and a quarter of the state’s labor force, according to the second volume of America’s History. Although whites excluded the Chinese from higher-wage jobs, the immigrants from the East made a name for themselves in industries such as cigar-making. Before long, white workers came to resent the Chinese and threatened to burn the docks from which these newcomers arrived. The slogan â€Å"The Chinese Must Go!† became a rallying cry for Californians with anti-Chinese biases. In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act to halt the migration of Chinese nationals. America’s History describes how xenophobia fueled this decision: â€Å"In other parts of the country, popular racism was directed against African Americans; in California (where blacks were few in number) it found a target in the Chinese. They were an ‘infusible’ element who could not be assimilated into American society, wrote the young journalist Henry George in a famous 1869 letter that made his reputation as a spokesman for California labor. ‘They practice all the unnameable vices of the East. [They are] utter heathens, treacherous, sensual, cowardly and cruel.’† George’s words perpetuate xenophobia by casting the Chinese and their homeland as vice-ridden and, thus, threatening to the United States. As George framed them, the Chinese were untrustworthy and inferior to Westerners. Such xenophobic opinions not only kept Chinese workers on the sidelines of the labor force and dehumanized them but also led to U.S. lawmakers banning Chinese immigrants from entering the country. Japanese Internment The Chinese Exclusion Act is far from the only U.S. legislation passed with xenophobic roots. Just months after the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066, allowing the federal government to force more than 110,000 Japanese Americans on the West Coast from their homes and into internment camps. Roosevelt signed the order under the guise that any American of Japanese descent was a potential threat to the United States, as they could join forces with Japan to commit espionage or other attacks against the country. Historians point out, however, that anti-Japanese sentiment in places such as California fueled the move. The president had no reason to view Japanese Americans as threats, especially since the federal government never linked any such person to espionage or plots against the country. The U.S. appeared to make some headway in its treatment of immigrants in 1943 and 1944, when it, respectively, repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act and allowed Japanese American internees to return to their homes. More than four decades later, President Ronald Reagan signed the Civil Liberties Act of 1988, which offered a formal apology to Japanese American internees and a payout of $20,000 to internment camp survivors. It took until June 2012 for the U.S. House of Representatives to pass a resolution apologizing for the Chinese Exclusion Act. Proposition 187 and SB 1070 Xenophobic public policy isn’t limited to the anti-Asian legislation of America’s past. More recent laws, such as California’s Proposition 187 and Arizona’s SB 1070, have also been labeled xenophobic for striving to create a sort of police state for undocumented immigrants in which they’d constantly be under scrutiny and denied basic social services. Named the Save Our State initiative, Prop. 187 aimed to bar undocumented immigrants from receiving public services such as education or medical treatment. It also mandated teachers, healthcare workers, and others to report individuals they suspected of being undocumented to the authorities. Although the ballot measure passed with 59 percent of the vote, federal courts later struck it down for being unconstitutional. Sixteen years after the controversial passage of California’s Prop. 187, the Arizona legislature passed SB 1070, which required police to check the immigration status of anyone they suspected to be in the country illegally. This mandate, predictably, led to concerns about racial profiling. In 2012, the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately gutted some parts of the law, including the provision allowing police to arrest immigrants without probable cause and the provision making it a state crime for unauthorized immigrants not to carry registration papers at all times. The high court, however, left in the provision allowing authorities to check a person’s immigration status while enforcing other laws if they have reasonable cause to believe the individuals reside in the U.S. illegally. While that marked a small victory for the state, Arizona suffered a highly publicized boycott because of its immigration policy. The city of Phoenix lost $141 million in tourism revenue as a result, according to the Center for American Progress.   How Xenophobia, Racism Intersect Xenophobia and racism often coexist. While whites have been targets of xenophobia, such whites usually fall into the â€Å"white ethnic† category—Slavs, Poles, or Jews. In other words, they’re not white Anglo-Saxon Protestants, the Western Europeans historically deemed as desirable whites. In the early 20th century, prominent whites expressed fear that white ethnics were reproducing at higher rates than the WASP population. In the 21st century, such fears continue. Roger Schlafly, son of Phyllis Schlafly, founder of the conservative political group Eagle Forum,  Ã‚  expressed his dismay in 2012 about a New York Times article that covered the rise of the Latino birthrate and the dip in the white birthrate. He lamented the growing number of immigrants with little in common with the 1950s American family, which he describes as â€Å"happy, self-sufficient, autonomous, law-abiding, honorable, patriotic, hard-working.† In contrast, according to Schlafly, Latino immigrants are transforming the country to its detriment. He said that they â€Å"do not share those values, and †¦ have high rates of illiteracy, illegitimacy, and gang crime, and they will vote Democrat when the Democrats promise them more food stamps.† In short, since Latinos aren’t 1950s WASPs, they must be bad for the United States. Just as blacks have been characterized as welfare-dependent, Schlafly argues that Latinos are too and will flock to Democrats for â€Å"food stamps.† Still Prevalent While white ethnics, Latinos and other immigrants of color face negative stereotypes, Americans typically hold Western Europeans in high regard. They praise the British for being cultured and refined and the French for their cuisine and fashion. Immigrants of color, however, routinely fight off the idea that they’re inferior to whites. They lack intelligence and integrity or bring disease and crime into the country, xenophobes claim. More than 100 years after the passage of the Chinese Exclusion Act, xenophobia remains prevalent in U.S. society.

College Valentines Day Survival Guide

Valentines Day and college can make a fantastic—or awkward—mix. Make the most of your situation by enjoying yourself, enjoying the day, and—if applicable—enjoying the time with a significant other. Conversely, of course, you can find information on making the most of being single. Valentines Day doesnt have to be a celebration only for those already coupled up! If Youre Single Being single on Valentines Day doesnt have to mean being awkward or having a funky night. There are multiple ways to ensure you still have a great Valentines Day—without a significant other.​​ If You Have a Crush on Someone Have a crush on someone? Not sure what to do about it? Valentines Day can be the perfect catalyst for moving toward something more. If You Have a Date Have a date for Valentines? Thought that was the difficult part...until you tried to plan something? Check out these easy (and affordable) date ideas to help make sure your night is all you want it to be. If Youre in a Long-Distance Relationship Being in a long-distance relationship can be hard enough without things like Valentines Day reminding you of the distance between you and your significant other. Learn more about how to make the distance a little easier.

Mobile Phone and Phoebe Cook Copeland Free Essays

Phoebe Cook Copeland ENC0025 8 April 2013 Causes and Effects of texting while driving It is a beautiful Friday morning, when all of a sudden a huge crash is heard in the distance. At the scene of the accident there is a car crushed up against a telephone pole with a young girl inside all bloodied and cut up. Taking a closer look, the young girl seems like she is simply asleep, but in her hand she holds her phone with half written message on the screen saying, â€Å"I’ll be there†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Unfortunately, the young girl never had the chance to finish her text message because she hit a telephone pole. We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Phone and Phoebe Cook Copeland or any similar topic only for you Order Now This young girl’s life was tragically taken from her; however, this accident could have been avoided if she would have only waited until she got to either her destination or a red light to answer the text message. Sending text messages while driving distracts a person’s attention from the main task, which is driving the vehicle safely. Text messaging is known to contribute to deadly accidents that have prompted several legal districts to ban the practice in many states. The reason that people text while driving in unknown and difficult to pinpoint a specific reason; unfortunately, the effects are clearly visible on the roads and also in the news. The causes and effects of texting while driving can be avoided if people just decided to put the phone down and wait until they are not driving. Texting while driving is very dangerous, but people of all ages still do it. Studies have stated that half of the percent of people of all ages text while driving, and the other half of the percent talk on the phone when behind the wheel. Even though there is no evidence that a person is openly pressured into texting while driving, there is an expectation in society to have the dire need to respond to a text message. However, it is more likely for a person to be involved in a serious accident when texting rather than talking on the phone while driving. The reason behind this is that, when talking on the phone it only distracts the driver, but when texting the driver has to look down at the phone to answer it. Thus, making it not only a distraction for the driver, but they have to take their eyes off the road in order to reply to the message. The effects of texting while driving left a devastating trail that lead to legal implications. Due to having so many accidents on the road, different states passed a law that banned texting while driving. This ban was placed in hopes to lessen the accidents that are caused by people who text and drive. If states can ban driving under the influence, then they can surely ban the no text law in order to keep the roads safer. However, many people have argued that it is hard to spot a person texting while they are driving because they are holding the phone in their laps, which is below the dashboard. So how can the cops catch people who text and drive? The cops are trained to watch for the driver’s body language. If the driver seems like they are texting while behind the wheel the cop is allowed to pull them over and issue them a fine. The causes of texting while driving resolves in the most dangerous effects that ends up taking someone’s life. However, not everyone who gets into an accident while texting is unfortunate, but the most serious accidents are due to people taking their eyes and concentration off the road to answer their text message. The reason why people do not take texting while driving seriously is because they think that taking their eyes off the road for a few seconds would not do any harm. Unfortunately, they are sorely mistaken because it only takes a split second in order for something to go terribly wrong. Not only is it dangerous for the person who is driving, but also for the other people that are in the car and on the road. If people just took texting while driving seriously and understood that it is just as dangerous as anything else, then we would have less accidents and less of people’s lives being tragically stripped from them. In conclusion, it is not the lack of knowledge that people text while driving, but the lack of responsibility that goes into the act. People of all ages know the consequences of texting while driving lead to fatal accidents, yet they still do it. The temptation is too grandeur, however, the person who sent that text message can wait. Not waiting to answer that message while driving will not be worth it in the long run. The causes and effects of texting while driving can be avoided if we choose to put the phone down and wait to answer the text message until we are not driving because answering a text message is never worth a human life. How to cite Mobile Phone and Phoebe Cook Copeland, Papers

International Marketing Strategy Decisions †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the International Marketing Strategy Decisions. Answer: Introduction The Australian wine industry will be targeting the well-known Chinese social media platforms like WeChat as well as Weibo as part of a $50 million marketing push plan for lifting the wine exports as well as wine tourism. International tourists will be advised to take the great Australian wine tour as well as pay visit to well-known regions that are producing wine under the grand $50 million taxpayer-funded plan. In this regard, Winemakers Federation of Australia president Sandy Clark stated that the package was being considered as once in a generational scope for growing the demand of Australian wine. He also stated that this aspect will be benefiting every winemaker as well as assist in providing a long-term platform in respect of profitability all the way through the supply chain and it is at present, the responsibility of the Australian Wine Making industry towards the maximization of the scope (Majaro 2013). Moreover, this industry is also hoping to do the luring of an additional 40,000 global tourists to the leading regions for wine like the Hunter Valley in New South Wales, Yarra Valley in Victoria as well as the Barossa Valley in the region of South Australia. As per the current research reports, the wine industry of Australia has been successfully enjoying major growth in the current years and the countrys wine exports forecasts have exceeded 800 million litres and $2.5 billion in 2017-18 (Hapsari 2017). Possible implication for international marketers Wine tourism has grown in popularity in the present scenario due to the fact that the tourism market has helped in the emergence of a new type of tourists, whose major reason for visiting a place is because of the wine regions situated in that place. Various countries are at present having a large inflow of foreign currency regarding wine tourism due to the dynamically expanding international industry (Choi 2015). Majority of the countries have been successful in resolving, stimulating as well as organizing wine-tourism and it is now considered to be the ideal time in paying attention towards the growth of wine tourism via the aspect of creating the strategic aspects that are considered being successful (Cavusgil 2014). The outcome of wine tourism is associated with the fact that there is an increase in the tourist number, and as a result, it is having a connection with the requirements of the tourists in respect of having better infrastructure, accommodation, shops as well as cultur al heritage. The local authorities are playing an active part in developing as well as promoting wine tourism in Australia. To increase the global awareness as well as satisfactions regarding the experience related to wine tourism, Australia is concentrating upon the quality of the services that are offered to the tourists as well as strong association amongst the small vineries as well as wine making organizations to increase their participation in the projects related to marketing whose development is done with the help of national establishments (Penz 2016). In addition, Australia is also regarded as one of the top destinations regarding wine tourism in the world. The country has positioned its wine tourism industry as a national priority and is making continuous development as well as promotion in this regard. The Australian authorities are seeing the aspect of promoting wine tourism not simply as a tool for promoting global awareness towards destinations, but also as an instrument for promoting the rural areas of Australia that are less tourism developed (Paliwoda 2013). The country is focusing upon various projects related to marketing in respect of promoting wine tourism as they are focused towards the aspect of developing the rural development and also the homogeneous distribution of tourism within the territories. Within the country, the local authorities are playing a major part towards the development of wine tourism as well as in respect of promoting with the support of the strategic aspect regarding wine tourism that is having the role for the enhancement of the regional development through the promotion of wine tourism as a strong positive feature. In this context, it can be stated that the private as well as public stakeholders are doing heavy promotion of the wine tourism products via the internet as well as specialized media (Armstrong 2015). For improvement of the international market in relation to wine tourism it can be stated that there should be better association within the tourism agency as well as direct suppliers regarding wine tourism. In this context it can be stated that majority of the direct suppliers of wine tourism are not having the awareness regarding the overall advantages for developing as well as promoting this type of tourism. As a result, the resources are not properly used and there is inefficient strategies related to marketing. Also, there is the requirement for having wine tourism marketing towards the global markets that is considered being more aggressive (Fletcher 2013). In this respect, it can be stated that the marketing as well as promotional campaigns are at their nascent stage and are not having broad coverage and also, there is poor association amongst the stakeholders as well as state organizations. However, improved cooperation will be resulting in having a more focused as well as tar get based campaigns. There is also the requirement for increasing the education as well as qualifications of the employees that are related to wine tourism (Choi, 2015). Also, improved controlling of the tourism agencies as well as tour operators will assist in increasing the entire experience, dismissing the services that are overpriced and have low quality as well as increasing the feedback regarding the services that have been provided. Conclusion To conclude the discussion, it can be stated that there should occur improved association within the tourism agency, private enterprises as well as tourism portals. There should also occur the improved growth as well as coverage of e-commerce as well as services related to wine tourism. There is the requirement for having wine tourism marketing towards the global markets that is considered being more aggressive. Most of the countries have been successful in resolving, stimulating as well as organizing wine-tourism. Reference Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M. and Brennan, R., 2015.Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Education. Cavusgil, S.T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J.R., Rammal, H.G. and Rose, E.L., 2014.International business. Pearson Australia. Choi, J. and Yeniyurt, S., 2015. Contingency distance factors and international research and development (RD), marketing, and manufacturing alliance formations.International Business Review,24(6), pp.1061-1071. Fletcher, R. and Crawford, H., 2013.International marketing: an Asia-Pacific perspective. Pearson Higher Education AU. Hapsari, C., Stoffers, J. and Gunawan, A., 2017. The Influence of Perceived Cultural and Business Distance on International Marketing Strategy Decisions; A Case study of Telkom Indonesia International.International Review of Management and Marketing,7(3), pp.238-245. Majaro, S., 2013.International Marketing (RLE International Business): A Strategic Approach to World Markets. Routledge. Paliwoda, S. and Thomas, M., 2013.International marketing. Routledge. Penz, E. and Kirchler, E., 2016. Households in international marketing research: Vienna Diary Technique (VDT) as a method to investigate decision dynamics.International Marketing Review,33(3), pp.432-453.